Eswatini Country Fact

Information about the country of Eswatini

Eswatini, formerly known as Swaziland, is a small but culturally rich country in southern Africa. It is one of the last remaining monarchies in Africa, with the monarch as head of state.

General information:

Capital:

1. Mbabane – administrative capital
2. Lobamba – royal and cultural capital
3. Location: Located in the interior of southern Africa, bordered by South Africa to the north and west, and Mozambique to the east.
4. Area: Approximately 17,364 square kilometers (one of the smallest countries in Africa).
5. Population: Approximately 1.2 million (as of 2024).
6. Government: Absolute Monarchy. The current King, Mswati III, has been in power since 1986.
7. Languages: Official languages: SiSwati and English.
8. Currency: Lilangeni (SZL) and South African Rand (ZAR).
9. Religion: Mainly Christian (Roman Catholic and Protestant). A small number of people practice traditional African religions.
10. National Day: 6 September (Independence Day, 1968).
11. History: Ancient Civilization: The people of Eswatini arrived in southern Africa during the Bantu migration (13th century). The Swazi group became powerful in the 18th century.
12. Colonial Rule: The country was declared a protectorate by the British in 1881. It gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1968.
13. Recent History: In 2018, King Mswati III changed the name of the country from Swaziland to Eswatini.
14. Geography: Topography: The country is mainly made up of mountains, plains, and valleys. The Lubombo Mountains and lush forests are particularly notable.
15. Rivers: The main river is the Usutu, which is used to generate electricity.
16. Climate: Hot in summer and dry and cold in winter. Hot in the plains, but cooler in the mountainous regions.

Economy:

Main sectors:

Agriculture: Sugarcane, maize, cotton and cattle raising are the main sectors.

Industry: Sugar mills, textiles, paper production.

Tourism: Traditional culture and wildlife sanctuaries are popular.

Trade:

Main exports: Sugar, textiles, citrus fruits, timber.

Major trading partners: South Africa, European Union, China.

Challenges:

High unemployment and poverty rates.

High rates of HIV/AIDS which affect the country population growth.

Culture and lifestyle:

Culture: Swazi culture is very traditional and has a royal influence.

Umhlanga Dance Festival: A traditional dance festival for virgin girls organized by the royal family. The king practices polygamy.

Food:

Sidudu: Traditional food made from maize.

Emvubu: Locally popular beer.

Beef, dairy products, and vegetables are the main dishes.

Festivals:

Incwala: Festivals to show allegiance to the king and his power. Traditional dances and songs are an important part of social life.

Sports:

Popular sports: Football, rugby, and athletics.

Tourist attractions:

Hlane Royal National Park: Famous for elephants, lions, rhinos, and other wildlife.

Mantenga Cultural Village: Swazi traditional village where tourists can experience local culture.

Sibebe Rock: The second largest granite rock in the world.

Ezulwini Valley: Known as the "Valley of Paradise" and one of the most beautiful areas in the country.

Challenges and Future:

Challenges: Lack of democratic governance (ruled by a monarchy). Unemployment and poverty are major problems in the country. High HIV/AIDS rate (about 26%), one of the highest in the world.

Development Potential: Plans to increase investment in tourism and eco-friendly industries. Efforts to improve education and health sectors.

Conclusion:

Eswatini is a traditional, beautiful and culturally rich country. Although it is ruled by a monarchy and faces some challenges, it can become a stronger economy if tourism, agriculture, and mineral resources are properly utilized.