Why do humans get cancer so often?

Cancer is a disease caused by the uncontrolled division of abnormal cells. These cells attack and damage normal tissues in the body. Due to various chemicals, pollution, and unhealthy lifestyles, complex diseases like cancer are on the rise. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. However, advances in timely treatment and prevention strategies have improved the survival rate of many cancer patients.

Cancer is the result of genetic mutations that alter the normal functioning of cells. These mutations lead to rapid cell division and growth. This results in the formation of tumors. These tumors can be benign or benign and malignant or cancerous. Malignant tumors have the ability to invade nearby tissues and spread throughout the body, which is called metastasis.

The risk of developing cancer increases with age. Although cancer can attack anyone at any age, most cancers are seen in older people.

Smoking, alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and obesity can increase the risk of cancer.

Some cancers have a family history. Genetic testing can help identify inherited mutations.

Ulcerative colitis, hepatitis, esophagitis, etc. can increase the risk of certain cancers.

Exposure to harmful chemicals, pollutants, and toxins in the environment can increase the risk of cancer. These include secondhand smoke and occupational hazards.

Cancer Symptoms

The symptoms of cancer vary depending on the type and location of the disease. However, some common symptoms are important. Such as fatigue or weakness, a lump or mass somewhere, weight loss, skin changes, jaundice, new moles or changes in existing moles, changes in bowel or bladder habits, chronic cough or shortness of breath, difficulty swallowing or a feeling of something stuck in the throat. Indigestion, discomfort or pain after eating, muscle or joint pain, severe pain without cause, prolonged fever and night sweats, unusual bleeding or blood clots anywhere in the body, etc.

If these symptoms occur, it is important to consult a doctor.

Complications of Cancer

A variety of complications can arise from both the cancer itself and its treatment.

Pain can occur due to cancer or as a side effect of treatment.

Cancer or its treatment can cause shortness of breath.

Another side effect of cancer treatment is nausea.

Cancer and its treatment can cause constipation or diarrhea.

Cancer can affect the absorption of nutrients. As a result, appetite may decrease and weight loss may occur.

Inflammation, pain, and nerve damage may occur. On the other hand, brain cancer can cause headaches or neurological deficits.

Treatments include—

1. Surgery: Surgery is required to remove the tumor and surrounding tissue.

2. Radiation: High-energy radiation waves are used to destroy cancer cells or shrink the tumor.

3. Chemotherapy: This medicine is used to destroy rapidly dividing cells, including cancer cells.

4. Immunotherapy: This method uses the body immune system to fight cancer.

5. Targeted therapy: This medicine is used to specifically target mutations in cancer cells.

6. Hormone therapy: This therapy is used for some cancers that are affected by hormones, such as breast and prostate cancer.

Prevention

Lifestyle changes are important to reduce your risk of cancer. Quit smoking. Avoiding tobacco can significantly reduce your risk of several cancers. Limit your exposure to direct sunlight. Protect yourself from harmful ultraviolet rays by using sunscreen and wearing protective clothing. A healthy diet, such as a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein, will strengthen your immune system and overall health. Regular exercise and maintaining a healthy weight can reduce your risk of cancer. At least 30 minutes of physical activity is necessary most days of the week. Regular screening helps detect cancer. Some vaccines are linked to cancer viruses. Vaccines help protect against these viruses.